Cultural Planning and Control Techniques †Free Samples to Students

Question: Examine about the Cultural Planning and Control Techniques. Answer: Presentation: The contextual analysis concerns the Company Boeing 787 Dreamliner which has different armadas. The Company was created by Boeing Commercial Airplanes and is viewed as eco-friendly as it fabricated from composite materials(Burke, 2013). The airplanes were said to purchaser practically 20% less fuel contrasted with its partners and remembers a few of its partners for the business. the recently planned and designed airplanes had been effective in getting different clients from broadened classes. The Project that the Company had been fruitful in getting was identified with assembling of such airplanes from 57 clients. Getting one of the quickest selling carriers throughout the entire existence of airplanes, the Company went into a few issues from designing of its aircrafts(Ika, 2009). The undertaking it embraced was to serve such enormous number of client Boeing airplanes. Venture Problems On the on-set of the venture, it had experienced a few difficulties and grievances that were propelled no matter how you look at it by its clients and legitimate sheets. In spite of the fact that the task was yearning and had the option to effectively get huge number of requests yet it had been deferred pitiably from the first instance(Alves, 2012). At that point the main group of items prepared experienced overwhelming weight. There were different elements that prompted generally speaking horrible showing of undertakings, because of postponement in acquisition and huge number of different components, This in the end prompted shooting up of expenses and further expenses due to joining specialized developments in the ventures. There were a progression of issues related with customers from all over that prompted by and large disappointment among them, at last prompting disappointment of the project(Zwikael, 2008). From the absolute first undertaking the Company had neglected to achieve its goals with respect to different perspectives in regards to the task. While the undertaking had been started, with fitting viewpoints that could have effortlessly prompted foundation of an effective airplane Company, yet it bombed pitiably to do as such. the undertaking didn't envelop a basic way and arranging methods that could have permitted accomplishment for the task. From the beginning stage the venture had various downsides that influenced its powerful and effective opportune fruition. The eager task could without much of a stretch had been accomplished by methods for venture arranging attempts where basic focuses concerning the undertaking could undoubtedly had been achieved. With various specialized issues and usage just as execution issues, the task neglected to be cultivated in an alluring way. Basic Evaluation On the on-set of the task it experienced a differed scope of issues emerging from mechanical blunders to designing deficiencies. The main basic issues emerging from the undertaking was its progressions made in the system of the hardware and different motors. Such prompted enormous flawed motors which caused assortment of noises(Morris, 2011). In the main occasion, where the aircraft utilized composite materials so as to make it eco-friendly, there were issues concerning four-board windshield, commotion diminishing chevrons alongside smoother nose form. This issue was made because of building and basic changes being made to the carrier. This test was not endeavored to by the aircraft yet it broadened itself for acquirement of new requests. Post obtainment of enormous scope request with the clients particularly ILFC (International Lease Finance Cooperation) there were a few production lines set up(Bredillet, 2010). Huge scope cooperation with providers around the world has empowered to take into account different customers. In any case, still there were numerous deferrals in obtainment of crude materials that let to generally speaking postponement in taking into account its requests. Such defers prompted un-holding fast to principles prompting overweighing of the airplanes. There were additionally a few specialized issues related with conveying of the airplanes in fitting gauges. Disappointment of specialized issues and overweighing of airplanes has prompted punishment issues for the Company. Enormous slack has brought about abrogating of financial plan and furthermore challenges(Cervone, 2011). Difficulties were a few in computerized frameworks too, including grievances with respect to a few wounds. From examination of the whole undertaking in a basic way it very well may be comprehended that venture the board tries in the Company remain unaccomplished. There was no venture arranging even with such huge numbers of requests, the Company neglected to configuration venture basic way and methods for accomplishing its goals. Absence of venture arranging prompted disappointment in generally speaking undertaking spending plan and costs prompting its ineffectualness. Further as crude material acquirement had been postponed, it prompted the whole procedure getting deferred and afterward un-achievement of client time limits, bringing about punishments and different costs(Thomas, 2008). As there were no checks done on the last item and creative yield had legitimately been tried on the airplanes, there was disappointment in such undertakings. Not just the task neglected to achieve its goals of satisfying quality guidelines and receiving testing strategies however it additionally neglected to achieve its cutoff times. The Company had occupied from its venture the executives way with change in assembling procedures and building strategies. Detailing of a few relevant difficulties with respect to fix and non-adherence to norms mirrors that the Company had carelessness and overlooked providing food quality items to its customer in totality(Baker, 2008). The diverse issues in the motors and assembling of the airplanes prompted all out disappointment of the whole venture. The plane had risen to a total disappointment as an item with the Company developing with nearly nil brand name. The Company fused a product to refresh and address its issues. In any case, the essential issue that the Company has neglected to achieve is venture arranging where every single step could have guided to accomplishing fruitful undertaking yield. Reference Lists Alves, A. C.- C.- J. 2012. Task Based Learning in first year, first semester of Industrial Engineering and Management: a few outcomes. venture the executives. 20. Bread cook, B. N. 2008. Elements influencing venture achievement. Venture Management Handbook, Second Edition, 902-919. Bredillet, C. Y. 2010. Venture the executives organization: The job of social variables. Worldwide Journal of Project Management, 183-193. Burke, R. 2013. Task the board: arranging and control procedures. New Jersey, USA. Cervone, H. F. 2011. Understanding deft undertaking the executives strategies utilizing Scrum. OCLC Systems Services: International computerized library points of view, 18-22. Ika, L. A. 2009. Venture accomplishment as a theme in venture the board diaries. . Venture Management Journal, 6-19. Morris, P. W. 2011. A concise history of venture the executives. Oxford University Press. Thomas, J. . 2008. Planning venture administrators to manage complexityAdvanced venture the board instruction. Global diary of task the board, 304-315. Zwikael, O. 2008. Top administration inclusion in venture the board: Exclusive help rehearses for various undertaking situations. Worldwide Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 387-403.

Recruiting Improvement In Royal Brunei Navy Commerce Essay Example For Students

Selecting Improvement In Royal Brunei Navy Commerce Essay 1. One of the priorities improvement expressed in the Defense White Paper 2004 is the spread excursion the limit of the select arrangement Center. RBN have attempted the best to do each endeavor incorporate the advancement of projects for keeping an eye on, creating requests, plans and projects for enrolling. As bit of the Defense Strategic Plan endeavors, RBN recognized the core and key means to empower the system. 2. In today s Navy, it is dynamically of import that the work power, powers and planning put the ideal individual in the privilege topographic point, at the correct clasp with right arrangement and achievements. In add-on, resolve and open help of powers thought about investigate to back up a high feature of natural rationale. Over the past twelvemonth, RBN have put resources into powers, planning, and assets to empower Fleet to be prepared and convey at a higher territory of readiness and develop an increasingly antiphonal surge capacity. These investings were basic to drag out the maturing resources so as to go on RBN mission. Reason 3. The reason for this paper is to break down the enlisting plans on bettering the enrolling framework in RBN. Foundation 4. A whole figure of 992 have been dispensed for RBN constitution and by and by the general keeping an eye on is over kept an eye on by 40 %. In 2004 2005 RBN by and by fell suddenly of its enlisting request. In spite of the fact that the reason for existing is to take a furthest constraint of 10-15 personals for the maritime powers, on the different manus it can non be accomplish as the Numberss is truly restricted. 5. The selecting approach for RBAF depends on the decision principles with respect to what RBN request. The present framework is still in topographic point and request to be survey to run into specific requests. At present RBN did nt hold any enlisted people joined to RBN since get bringing down admission 125 to 128. At this stage RBN need to cover by sitting tight for the individuals who are go forthing and resigned. Lamentably it doubtful occurs as these Numberss is nearly nothing. While sitting tight for new notes, the creation vacuity may nail down powers inside their position. Something else to be viewed as that note for the specializer exchange ( for example Weapon and Mechanical ) can non be changed. 6. Each twelvemonth RBN powers got a Numberss of retirements in 15, 20 and 25 mature ages administration. Some of them are other than encouraged to resigned ahead of schedule because of a few grounds. 7. To fight these occupations, RBN should take an endeavor for the turn of events and future program of labor to bring through the interest in the RBN ability advancements. These difficulties will accomplish emotional advancements, changing the progress and the type of the work power in the human asset condition. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Keeping an eye on 8. RBN has audit current methods of making concern and proposes arrangements that will better effectivity and happen efficiencies of current keeping an eye on. The issue of work power is brought to expansion as RBN required keeping a maximal keeping an eye on degree. In a consistent state profile, the expense of losing powers, either because of retirement or conclusions non to reenlist, incorporates gapped notes. The expense to the RBN in footings of lost understanding and capable insight are broadened, however are essentially unmeasurable. 9. The constitution control method is here and there drawn-out, cumbrous and costly. Constitution changes indicated significant vacillation in the clasp to technique. A few modifications were handled quickly, others took in excess of a twelvemonth. The length of clasp taken and the interest to O.K. by the board can take to ordinary banner rhythms being interfered. 10. Constitutions are non a precise portrayal of accessible assets. Different variables, for example, monetary limitations and with enlisting limitations, do non let the constitution spots to be filled. Regardless of whether there were adequate enlisted people, the spending plan is insufficient to make full the approved maritime quality. To ensure ideal single spotter productiveness, RBN ought to be after to allot the new notes. Each twelvemonth the expanding notes will be reappraisal for the gift of leading body of to achieve the finish of improved enrollment specialist productiveness. The Naval Administration Cell ( NAC ) will be dependable to discover each request of new notes as where and when to be utilized. 11. Equalization keeping an eye on are required before a foundation change can be prepared. Some activity is that puts not, at this point required are now and then distinguished before an interest for another spot is recognized. On the off chance that the abundance place is given back, it can non so be utilized as a start for a future interest. In these fortunes, segments are clearly hesitant to manus back spots. 12. Abundance spots may remain involved or they might be moved to a pool of vacant places in others segments, which gives some flexibleness. During the financial twelvemonth, they can be utilized to gracefully constitution screen for irreplaceable spots. Ephemeral spots are taken care of through a momentary work power pool , which is utilized for short-run endeavors. 13. Other factor that influence the keeping an eye on, for example, keeping and powers go forthing the maritime powers. NAC ought to acquire the data and gather precise informations especially why powers go forthing the naval force early. Anyway powers on clinical grounds could be the one when they are neglected to reconnected each 5 mature ages. Never the lupus erythematosus, RBN has other than taken numerous undertakings to restore powers who bomb the physical readiness preliminary or seem to be battling. On the retirement side, RBN other than got a figure of powers resigned from the administration which are most in 20 mature ages administration. RBN have center around the keeping endeavors on powers who gained and amassed unconventional achievements, makings, and emancipations. Powers who took a shot at specific obligation task should hold specific obligation task wage, for the individuals who take on more obligation. Reason: To check whether their is an impact on golf ball Essay25. Another of import innovation that will make up ones psyche in the great beyond of the expert guidance is by set uping maritime military institute. This will created and elevate volunteers to fall in the RBN in duration their surveies when go forthing school. This proposition is to offer progressively liberal instructive advantages as an organization of bettering RBN enrolling. Be that as it may, the activity will follow up on the powers to go forward the administration so as to exploit instructive advantages. Another significant concerns emerge are the drawn out expense of an arrangement and its effectivity as an enrolling actuation. Build up HUMAN RESOURCE 26. At present Naval Administration Cell ( NAC ) is answerable for observing and refreshing the commendation record of RBN powers in simultaneousness of inward readiness and banner. Different nations incorporate leave, exposure and removal are portions of the NAC occupation. The powers liable for the NAC have a foundation of capable and fighting who had served a lower cutoff of 15 mature ages with little understanding on the human asset course. Their capacity is to take care of the banner of capable and fighting region dependent on the suggestion from the posting board commission. To cover everything in NAC that have in HRM, RBN should first focus on the maps of NAC. 27. Second, the processs ought to be looked into to elevate: Planing an efficacious organization development, Setting up the development with fit individuals, Determining work capacities and connections, and Obtaining ideal hands on understandings. 28. Different nations should be enhanced the exercises of NAC are: Human asset arranging, Maintenance and enrolling, Instruction, planning and improvement, and Powers calling bearing. 29. To work those above exercises, a full clasp devoted executive in hierarchical degree is required specialization in HRM act in crowd with the caput of segments. He is assuming an extraordinary capacity for day by day powers issues as counselor. For the selecting side, NAC must discover what number of new powers the RBN needs every twelvemonth to run into congressionally commanded keeping an eye on degrees. Counsel 30. For short-run conspire, RBN ought to request a guide and given an attainability overview on the organization. When the study has been completed, the arranging will be intended to suit the interest. In add-on, a guide may hold a more degage situation of issues than organization s workers may. In the normal clasp RBN will guide a few powers for HRM class and will be twelvemonth grade for future HRM chief. 31. Notwithstanding, consideration ought to be practiced on the proposals from an outsider who may non comprehend the organization development and requests. In add-on to the expense of connecting with a consultant, organization should factor in the clasp it will take to flexibly them with essential foundation data on the organization. Synopsis 32. RBN constitution are overborne by 40 % and keeping in mind that sitting tight for the gift, Numberss of powers will be go forthing on the off chance that they despite everything stuck in their rank spot what's more influence the banner mood. A parity keeping an eye on is required to make full up on the unfilled notes and this is the capable of NAC to take care of it. 33. RBN are other than go oning customary enrolling plans in the secondary schools, professional capable schools, universities, the nearby promenades and occasions that draw in work powers and grown-up females in the new nations. It was focused on the of import of the enrollment specialist to carry on the meetings and look intoing powers informations to do the framework increasingly productive. 34. The utilization of data building these days turns into an enrollment device and being helpful and reasonable advertizement that permits speed reaction from the appliers. The data about essential compensation, additional recompenses and advantages must be remember for the media, subsequently open will hold a chance to understanding about the life as maritime powers. 35. The difficulty to procure powers in Form 3 English or Form 5 will impa

Admissions process reflections from a crusty Junior

Admissions process reflections from a crusty Junior I’ve recently had a number of startling revelations: I’m almost halfway done with my Junior year, there are only 2 weeks left until Final Exam week starts, and before I know it I’ll be graduating. Where has the time gone??? I feel like just yesterday I was in your shoes, nervously waiting for my early action decision from MIT… *cue psychedelic time-traveling music and hand waving.* MIT was my top choice and applying early action was a no-brainer. My anticipation was compounded by the fact that I had a list of 14 colleges that I was planning on applying to, but I had only completed about 5 of the applications by mid-December (under the assumption that if I didn’t get into MIT then I’d worry about the other ones later.) So, I bit my nails with the knowledge that if I got wait-listed or rejected, I would have to spend my Winter Break moping AND writing (approximately) 1,348,234 essays. About a week before decisions were due, my mom discovered CollegeConfidential.com and began showing me people’s ridiculous posts, which only made me more nervous and sure that I would never get in. Not a chance. Nope. For example, there was one guy who set-up a webcam on his mailbox that had some sort of complicated mechanism that I no longer remember (it involved the little flag that the postman raises when there’s mail.) (Do you remember, mom?) So, thousands of people coul d log onto his website to watch his mailbox for the arrival of a big, beautiful, yellow envelope. As far as I remember, he was admitted. So as the decision date rolled around, I would run to my car after school and speed (I mean… drive quickly but cautiously under the speed limit) home to check my mailbox with my heart pounding the whole time. A week passed, and so did the day when we were supposed to receive the letters. It turns out that there was a giant blizzard in Cambridge, MA, which delayed the shipping of the decision letters. Oh man, was I upset. My heart couldn’t take the constant anticipation, the daily races home, and the deep disappointment of a mailbox filled with bills and coupons. I got so restless that I began to say that I had been put through so much anxiety that I wouldn’t accept the offer even if I did get in (clearly this was just an ill-planned coping mechanism, but it worked for a few days.) Finally, I got tired of racing home and just told my parents that if the letter arrived at home before I did and if they opened it before me, then I would fine them $1,000. They took my threat serious ly. So a couple of days before Winter Break, I was sitting in Computer Science class and I received an email from my parents saying that I got a big envelope from MIT, asking if I would waive the fine and if they could open it. Of course, I caved in, and thankfully the news was good. I had gotten in! I experienced extreme shock followed by disbelief (thinking they must have made a mistake!) followed by “oh my Gods” followed by illicit phone calls and crying in the bathroom. I drove home with Britney Spears on full blast, yelling that I had gotten in. The next day, I had found out that eight people from my high school had been accepted early action, including 2 of my best friends. The initial excitement was tainted by some impolite comments by some of my classmates who claimed that we had only gotten in because we were girls. Even when I knew of my accomplishments and those of my friends, we couldnt help but feel some degree of self-doubt. In hindsight, it’s easy to recognize that they spoke out of jealousy and that MIT would never accept someone for merely having two X chromosomes, but it definitely hurt at the time. So I know what you all are going through… in fact everyone around me knows what it’s like. Your parents, friends, and teachers are probably telling you to relax, that everything will be alright no matter what, that there are other schools than MIT…and they’re absolutely right! But it’s also easier said than done. Check out JKim’s blog for tips on what to do while waiting. Speaking from experience, make sure to obey traffic laws and try not to give yourself a heart attack (i.e. stay off of College Confidential!) Really, stressing out won’t change the contents of the letter. When I was a senior going through the application process and someone told me, “if you’re gold then you’ll shine anywhere.” They were absolutely right. Just keep in mind that you are all motivated and diligent for even reading these blogs to find out more about MIT, and you will do well no matter what school you get into! Obviously I got into MIT, but I also received rejections. Different scho ols look for different qualities, and it’s still early in the application process. Just breathe and you’ll get through it. Good luck!!! Email me if before/during/after the decisions if you need help. May the beaver be with you.

Merit-Based Utopia Essay - 1113 Words

People are the building blocks of a society. The society is perfect only if each individual achieves happiness through his/her own satisfaction from achievements. In order for that to happen, the society should be merit-based. A place where people have an incentive to work for themselves without harming others will ensure a safe, respectful, and successful community. Unlike our society in the twentieth century, people are actually encouraged to strive for success and get rewarded according to the level of accomplishment in this utopia. The main idea of a merit-based society is a person receives what he works for. The most hardworking people are the wealthiest, most respected, and most loved. At the same time, these people are very happy†¦show more content†¦Incentive is an invisible but effective force that causes people to act a certain way, according to the ten principles of economics. (Mankiw, 7) Firstly, the role of government is very different in a merit-based society compared to the American government. In a merit-based society, the government is only responsible for enforcing a law that forbidden a person from doing harm to others, arresting those who break this law and sending them to jail. This idea is similar to Ayn Rand’s objectivism, in which she says, â€Å"Punishment is the only proper function is government.† (Ayn Rand First Interview 1959 (Full)) If punishment exists, people will refrain from causing harm to others because of the idea that people avoid punishment called second ary negative reinforcement proved by a psychological experiment. (Logan) The government also differs from the American government in its treatment of welfare. In the merit-based society, there is no welfare. The government does not tax nor lend help to anyone because welfare discourages people from fully using their potentials. If welfare is available to the non-wealthy, people tend to become one of them by not working and being fed by the government. Taxes are also eliminated because some people restrict their income to a certain degree by processes called tax avoidance and tax evasion because they want to pay less tax to the American government. (Mankiw, 244) A merit-based society provides noShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Aphra Behn s Seventeenth Century Travel Narrative, Oroonoko, And Utopia1289 Words   |  6 Pagessixteenth-century Utopia displays his subtle criticism of English society behind the words of his character Raphael Hythloday, who travels the world and explores the rationality of Utopia. These authors criticize many of the conventions o f their time periods through their characters’ explorations into new ideas and territories. In Oroonoko and Utopia, nature and reason lead the natives’ governments and societies instead of the corruption of the wealthy and noble Europeans. Both Oroonoko and Utopia presentRead MoreThe Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas Analysis1266 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophical theory centered around the idea that righteousness of one’s actions can only be determined by the goodness or badness of the consequences (Smart, 2006). The short story The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas provides an account of a fictional utopia built upon the suffering of a single child, and is often used to explore the ideas of Utilitarianism. The story probes the idea of Utilitarianism and sheds light on both positive and negative implications. The author begs the reader to make his ownRead MoreA Women’s Quest for Power in Jane Austen’s Emma Essay1549 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ideal combination to developing a perfect society. In Jane Austen‘s Emma, the main character Emma uses her obsession with beauty and power to create her own utopia. Emma’s utopia reconfigures the social system so that hierarchy is defined by looks an d character instead of birthrights. 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In book 1, More saw three major probelms with his era: unjust lawsRead MoreComparing The Political Theories Of Two Philosophers1444 Words   |  6 PagesDominic Bressi Prof. Catherine Chaput CH 201 15 October 2014 When comparing the political theories of two renowned philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, one must first focus on the merits of each of their own theories in depth. Plato is often considered as the first writer of political philosophy while Aristotle is considered the first political scientist. Though Aristotle was once a student of Plato, the two differ on the topic of how to best improve society for the benefit of mankind. ThusRead MoreEffective Leaders Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesmeant to be leaders and others followers. Michel de Montaigne in â€Å"Of the Cannibals† (1946/1999) offered a tribal organization centered on barbarism and cannibalism. The point is many followers and leaders envision the perfect society (utopia). In this utopia leadership is to transpire. The Land of Cockaigne (1952/1999) was a medieval contrary of a heaven on the earth. In Hesiod’s Works and Days (1938/1999) the vision was a perfect society as a past earth without any worries. Vergil in the FourthRead MoreAristotle s Views On Ancient Greek Democracy884 Words   |  4 Pagesphilosopher Aristotle offer conflicting viewpoints concerning the merits and possibilities of ancient Greek democracy. Aristotle’s political theory attempts to justify his city-state’s political structure by providing a model of the common good, or Chief Aim, his end goal for Athenian democracy. He believed Athenians could reach the Chief Aim as a society by individually learning to be virtuous and then instilling laws and morals based on these ideals. In his lecture, The Liberty of the Ancients ComparedRead MoreThe Poignant Prophet By Aldous Huxley1680 Words   |  7 Pagesdestroyed; this is where critics diverge into two possible meanings. 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Complementary Treatments Of Complementary Therapies

Complementary Therapies Around the world, nurses help care for people who are in need. There are many resources that nurses can use in order to provide this care. A few examples of these resources are medications, spirituality, and complementary therapies. A complementary therapy is a therapeutic technique that is often paired with an ongoing treatment. There are many different types of complementary therapies that can be used to help relieve pain, stress, and anxiety. Some therapies include music, pleasant smells, and even herbs. Sometimes complementary therapies are overlooked because nurses are not properly educated on how to either perform these therapies or do not know how these therapies can benefit a client. I chose this topic because I have seen how some of these therapies have helped people, and I want the world to embrace these resources rather than reject them. I once witnessed a form of music therapy bring a single person out of their shell and reduce their anxiety; this helped foster my belief that these therapies can be the difference in a client’s satisfaction level within the nursing field. Although this was the main reason why I chose this topic, my fascination with the past helped make the decision easier. I love learning how things have developed over time, and complementary therapies have been around for hundreds of years. My purpose within this paper is to inform nurses about the benefits of complementary therapies in order to help them embraceShow MoreRelatedComplementary And Alternative Therapy Treatment870 Words   |  4 PagesComplementary and Alternative Therapy Non-pharmacological interventions can be a substantial way that nurses can positively impact adult patients with hypertension. The first complementary and alternative therapy treatment of guided imagery was given to a group of pregnant patients with hypertension. 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According to the NIH (2010), chronic pain sufferers use more health care, have worse overallRead MoreComplementary And Alternative Medicine ( Cam )985 Words   |  4 PagesCAM Therapeutic Modalities Paper Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is important in todays’ health care for researchers, practitioners, and consumers. Society should be aware of the safety of taking herbs, therapies, and any health topics. The CAM website can be a useful website to research information that a person wants to gain background on. In the following paper, I will give definitions of alternative, complementary, integrative medicine, conventional medicine role, CAMs philosophyRead MoreCam Therapeutic Modalities808 Words   |  4 Pagesmedicine, complementary medicine, and integrative medicine. It will describe how conventional medicine plays a role in these three terms. In addition, it will review the philosophy of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and how it is different from conventional Western medicine and a description of the five domains of therapy. Finally, it will show how CAM treatment modality Ayurveda is used as an alternative therapy and a complementary therapy for obesity. Alternative, Complementary, and IntegrativeRead MoreEssay on Cam Modalities Sci/2011060 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be part of conventional medicine.† (NCCAM, 2007) Science has yet to determine if these therapies are safe. Regardless of the answer there are hundreds of thousands of people today that use CAM to treat hundreds of different medical problems. Societies have used many of these practices for over 4000 years and are still in use today. CAM allows for a complete and holistic way of treatment of the human body. CAM Therapeutic

Liberal Education as a Livingstone Free Essays

During a time when unemployment is at its lowest since World War II, one would think that finding a job would be easy. However, at this point in time, applicants for jobs are more qualified than ever. The competition for well-paid jobs is stiff, and in order to get ahead people need not only skill in one certain area, but a general intelligence of many subjects as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Liberal Education as a Livingstone or any similar topic only for you Order Now A liberal education provides the general knowledge that gives job applicants an extra edge when applying for a job. With a base of knowledge in the liberal arts and a specialization in a certain area, people prove to be beneficial to employers. Throughout this paper, I will use the term â€Å"liberal education† not only in describing subjects like English, history, philosophy etc. , but as Livingstone describes a liberal education: an education which â€Å"aims at producing as perfect and complete a human being as may be. † In using the term â€Å"liberal education† I expect that all graduates of a liberal arts college have an expertise in rhetoric, as the art of speaking and writing well is a key focus in the curriculum. I will also use the â€Å"specialized education† in reference to Livingstone†s definition: an education â€Å"which aims at earning a living or making money†. Undergraduates pursuing a liberal undergraduate education have an advantage over people with a specialized undergraduate education because liberal education provides a greater versatility in terms of a broader base of knowledge so that finding a job and excelling in different areas is easier. Training in art of rhetoric, which today is defined as the art of speaking and writing effectively, is a valuable asset for job hunters. Specialized undergraduate curriculums focus less on rhetoric than liberal arts curriculums. A person with training in rhetoric would be hired over another applicant due to their expertise in communicating ideas effectively through speech and writing. Companies aim to employ intelligent people who can express themselves wisely and eloquently because in nearly every profession, writing well and persuading others to one†s opinion is essential: scientists have to apply for grants in order to fund their research and experiments; businessmen must present proposals and of course, columnists and authors who have not mastered the skill of rhetoric are less likely to find a job and be successful in terms of status and salary. Ability to express oneself clearly and effectively designates to what level one may raise in the corporate ladder, for people with refined writing skills benefit companies to a large extent, while people with less skill in writing have less influence, and therefore less power. People with a liberal education are skilled in multiple areas and therefore can be of more benefit to employers. Rather than a specialized study in one area, a liberal education provides students with a broad range of knowledge that attracts employers. As Virtruvius says, liberal education teaches the student the connection between different disciplines. Knowing and realizing the relationship between subjects, an employee can perform a greater number of tasks and learn new ones more rapidly thus being more valuable to a company. Should a man lose his job due to it becoming extinct or other reasons, a liberal education would provide a better cushion to fall back on because of the diversity of subjects studied. For example, if a court stenographer loses his job due to a new audio technology that records and word-processes court proceedings, he would not have to, in a sense, start over for lack of knowledge in other areas. Utilizing his knowledge in rhetoric, philosophy, history, and other humanities, he could find another job without going back to school. On the other hand, the opposition would report that a liberal education would not benefit many people because a curriculum based on the humanities repels many students. Rather than take courses that disinterest them, students should specialize in subjects they enjoy. One should not waste money on an education that does not focus on one†s interests; an education that does not stimulate the student is a failed education. In order to make the most out of undergraduate years, the students should study what interests them. In rebuttal, a liberal education does not suit every personality or preference. However, in the job market, having a liberal undergraduate education and a specialized graduate education gives people an advantage, for not only are they trained specially in their specific area, but they also have a general knowledge of the liberal arts. Students interested in areas such as technology and sciences should take classes that interest them. However, in addition to the sciences courses, rhetoric classes would prove beneficial even in a scientific line of study. Every occupation entails writing in some way, and sharpening one†s writing skills only reaps more benefits when searching for a job. Many people interested in the sciences and technologies specialize during their undergraduate years, and therefore miss out on training in rhetoric. Specialists who take classes to improve writing are better-prepared and more likely for find a job. Another argument of the opposition: people who start specializing during undergraduate years are better prepared for graduate school. They master and excel in one specific area of study. Whereas, it would take someone with a general undergraduate education a longer time to master a specific area of study because of the attention spent on a broad education during undergraduate years. Instead of spending thousands of dollars on a general education, students could use the four years to specialize in the field that they enjoy. A liberal education may prove beneficial for students who are unsure about their major, but focused students should not waste their time on general education. Students who know what they want to focus on should specialize their education in order to expedite their college time and either start a masters degree or start their careers. It may take longer for a generally trained undergraduate to specialize in a certain area, but then again, if they are trained in understanding the connection between different areas of study, they may be able to pick up different subjects more quickly. There are really two issues here to refute. First, when studying, why is everything such a rush? People are in a hurry to enter the job force rather than to take their time during their schooling. I suppose the answer to the question is money. While people are in school they pay thousands of dollars and receive very little back in comparison. Once they start working they can begin the payback period. Sadly, those who enter the workforce first do win in the sense that they can start paying back their debt, while the people still in school keep accumulating debt. Second, even if people with a liberal arts education enter the workforce at the same time, they are not at a disadvantage in terms of knowledge capability as the previous argument concludes. In fact, liberal arts undergraduates may be at a slight advantage in terms of useful knowledge. For example, two applicants for a job have both had the same graduate education but one (person 1) had been trained in the liberal arts during undergraduate years, and the other (person 2) had specialized earlier. Assuming the two candidates preformed equally in gradate school, which may not be a fair assumption due to person 2†³s past knowledge and previous study, however, for argument†s sake, assume both were successful in graduate school. An employer would choose person 1 because of the liberal arts background on top of the specialized graduate schooling. An employer would know that people with a liberal arts background are not only intelligent in their specific line of study, but also understand the connection between disciplines, and would choose the person with the broad base of education. In discussing liberal arts training, one assumes that every student who graduates has a well-developed knowledge of all the subjects a liberal education offers. However, it is not fair to assume that every student attending a liberal arts undergraduate school explores each subject extensively and excels in every class. Many students take advantage of the time they spend in undergraduate school by partying on weeknights and coming to class so tired that they cannot concentrate on the lesson, or even worse, they skip class all together. This careless behavior towards schooling hurts not only the students† understanding of the material, but their grades as well. It is time that all upperclassmen graduate with honors rather than just slide by. The effect on the community and world would be astounding. Thousands of great minds graduate from college every year and become success stories like Bill Gates. Imagine every college student intellectually on par with the smartest graduate. Our world would be a different place. That is the place to which we should strive, and we have reached out goal when everyone achieves individual excellence. 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What Does Feminism Stand For Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists

A layman views feminism as being focused on women gaining equal rights to men. However, this is a very simplistic way of addressing feminism. In reality, feminism is much more complex and larger than merely describing equality for women (Weisberg 234).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Feminism Stand For? Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Feminist philosophy espouses various hidden as well as non-expressed desires of all the people with regard to human equality. It is both an intellectual commitment and a political movement that seeks for women’s justice as well as an end of all kinds of sexism (Dutt 238). Generally, people disagree on a number of issues. For instance, they are against of the common definition of sexism. This question should reflect their craving for equality and measures which are to be done to achieve it. Whilst many people ca n easily define feminism, there is a need for deeper understanding of what feminism is and who qualifies to be termed a feminist. Feminist concept varies in two ways in majority sociological hypotheses (Walker 89). Firstly, it is the function of a multidisciplinary, multicultural as well as worldwide community, which consists of not only sociologists, but also professionals from several other professions, artistic authors as well as political activists. Subsequently, feminist sociologists operate with a dual goal to expand a deepen sociology by reviewing professional understanding. It is also necessary to take into account breakthroughs being attained by feminist scholars and to grow a crucial comprehension for a culture in order to alter the globe in guidelines considered much more humane. Various feminists want the society to accept that there is no strategic means of unifying different sexism instances and correspondingly, the lacks of a strategic unity in what constitutes femini sm. Rather feminism should be viewed as an avenue for coalition building (Dutt 236). Different entities operate to deal with various forms of oppressive actions; some entities handle oppression against females as of fundamental concern.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, feminists are motivated by the pursuit for social justice. The feminist inquiry offers a wide range of standpoints with regard to social, cultural, economic, as well as political aspects (Duplessis and Ann 34). Understanding feminism begins with developing an undertaking of the theory itself, as well as the politics surrounding it. Further, the sub-entries of feminism include aspects like disability, globalization, sex work, human trafficking, as well as sexuality, among others (Walker 99). These aspects extend the understanding as well as the scope of feminism. Different cultures, even without their own comprehen sion describe various aspects of feminism uniquely. For instance, within the African culture, feminism will show much focus on fighting the tradition that deters progress of women. In such societies, women have for long been sidelined in decision making and generally treated as the weaker sex (Kiss 343). The society has shaped women to be ‘submissive’ to men regardless of whether they are being oppressed or not. This is very much unlike the western civilization where women have long been accepted as participants within every process in the society. However, within such a society, another aspect of feminism emerging is the role of sexuality (Walker 102). As one would ask, is the western culture treating women as sexual objects? Broadly speaking, most societies describe feminism goal as being to end oppression and hence stresses that women oppression is not only unjust but an unethical practice. The perspective is likely to differ within diverse cultures and it must be ac knowledged that women oppression goes beyond the rhetorical sexism. Emerging issues from diverse cultures include: classism, homophobia, racial feminism, ageism, as well as ableism, among other areas (Jaggar 98).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What Does Feminism Stand For? Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is sure, is that all societies agree that unequally is unjust, that’s why feminists should fight for their rights to restore the justice. However, a closer look emphasizes that accomplishing feminism goals necessitates dealing with racism, as well as economic exploitation suffered by women (Jaggar 67). Information from different cultures reveal that women from different racial backgrounds suffer from different forms of exploitation. The plight of women in African societies definitely differs from that of white women, or Indian women. This impli es that feminists must address the issue of race. A fundamental question to query the racial perspective is how often a white woman will get similar treatment as the one accorded to a black woman (Delphy 87). Moreover, one can watch the media display pictures of women from different backgrounds and the plight they suffer. Feminism is a fight for liberty that is one of the larger battles to eliminate all forms of superiority. It is important to understand how patriarchal domination shares ideologies with racial foundations as well as other forms of oppression (Herrman and Abigail 131). The feminism aspect cannot be eradicated while leaving intact the other aspects. Such knowledge plays an important role in both feministic theory and practice. Feministic theory is a generalized from this point. It is meant to be wide ranging system constituted of ideas about social life as well as human experience based on a woman-focused viewpoint. There are three ways by which feminism is woman cent ered. Firstly, it begins with investigation, which seeks to establish the situations and experiences encountered by women in the society (Herrman and Abigail 132). Secondly, feminism puts women at its centre by seeking to view the world from an exclusive vantage point for women within the social sphere.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thirdly, feminist theory acts as a critical basis for activitism on behalf of the female-kind. It attempts to create a world where all humankind can live as equals. More answers are still general after decades of posing the question to the women’s plight in the society. Women are found within all social scenarios. Where they are absent, it is due to the fact that they don’t have the ability or desire, but due to the fact that there has been a purposive endeavor to leave them out. Where there are women, they have exercised roles extremely diverse from the well-known conception of them (with regard to roles of being passive wives or girlfriends as well as mothers). In fact, as wives and mothers as well as in a sequence of various other tasks, females have, alongside men, actively produced the ideals of being desired (Kiss 345). Females are actively present in the majority of social circumstances, professions, publics as well as community roles where a blind eye has been turned to the women’s contribution. Furthermore, female roles in a lot of social circumstances, whilst crucial, are diverse ranging from, much less fortunate compared to, to beings subordinate to men. Paying no attention to the role of women in society is a key to notice inequality. Feminism’s second fundamental query, then, is: â€Å"Why are things the way they are?† The initial query demands for an explanation of the social community, the second query requires an explanation of the community. Feminism’s responses to these types of queries provide people with a common social concept. Works Cited Delphy, Christine. Close to Home: A Materialist Analysis of Women’s Oppression, Trans. Diane Leonard. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984. Duplessis, Rachel and Ann, Snitow. The Feminist Memoir Project: Voices from Women’s Liberation, New York: Random House, 2008. Dutt, Martin. â€Å"Reclaiming a Human Rights Culture: Feminism of Diffe rence and Alliance.† In Talking Visions: Multicultural Feminism in a Transnational Age, ed., Ella Shohat. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998, 225-246 Herrman, Anne and Abigail, Stewart. Theorizing Feminism: Parallel Trends in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2007. Jaggar, Alison. Feminist Politics and Human Nature, Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1983. Kiss, Elizabeth. â€Å"Feminism and Rights.† Dissent, 42.3 (2002): 342-347. Walker, Margaret. Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics, New York: Routledge, 2005. Weisberg, Kelly. Feminist Legal Theory: Foundations, Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993. This essay on What Does Feminism Stand For? Who are These Creatures who call themselves Feminists? was written and submitted by user Lina L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Count of Monte Cristo essays

Count of Monte Cristo essays There are many subplots involving The Count of Monte Cristo's adversaries. The first one started out in Rome where the count met two young men, Albert de Morcerf and Franz d'Epinay. The Count became a great friend to the two young men and even saved Albert's life when the "Italian bandit," Luigi Vampa, captured him. Luckily Vampa was a loyal friend to the count and obeyed his command to release Albert. Albert eventually introduced the count to Paris society and to his many friends. The next subplot was when The Count of Monte Cristo bought the house in Auteuil. His servant Bertuccio had a history with that house that involved Monsieur de Villefort. He later told that story to the count and introduced Benedetto, which later became Andrea Cavalcanti. Benedetto was the son of Villefort and Madame Danglars, which was presumed dead and was burried and left to die if Bertuccio did not dig the baby up. Benedetto later led a life of crime and left Bertuccio, who raised him. The next subplot was when Benedetto was introduced to the Count of Monte Cristo as Andrea Cavalcanti. He took on this role and was given a fake father. Andrea then became the good friend of the count's, mainly because the count was to supply him with a The next subplot was when the count created the false telegram that "King Don Carlos escaped the vigilance excercised over him in Bourges and has returned to Spain across the Catalonian frontier." This caused many people to sell their Spanish bonds, including Baron Danglars, and to lose a lot of The next subplot is when The Count of Monte Cristo invited all of his "friends" to the country house he bought in Auteuil. This house haunted two guests, Monsieur de Villefort and Madame Danglars because this was the house which Madame Danglars gave birth to Benedetto and where Villefort barried him. The count showed the guests t...

What Is Imagery A Complete Guide

What Is Imagery A Complete Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A literary device is a technique a writer uses to convey ideas and messages to their readers. That means that as readers, we need to understand and use literary devices to fully understand a work’s major themes! Today, we’re going to take a closer look at how to use imagery to analyze a text. We’ll start by giving you the imagery definition before talking about why it’s an important tool for analyzing a text. Then we’ll walk you through some imagery examples in poetry and fiction and show you exactly how to analyze the imagery in each. By the end of this article, you’ll be able to talk about imagery in literature like a pro, so let’s get started. Seriously. Once you know what you're looking for, you'll see it everywhere! What Is Imagery? Definition and Explanation Have you ever read a book that makes you feel like you’re seeing, feeling, smelling, or tasting the same thing as the character you’re reading about? (We had that experience the first time Harry Potter tries butterbeer in Hogsmeade.) If you have, you can thank imagery for that experience! Imagery is the act of using language to create images in the reader’s mind. Writers use descriptive words and phrases to help the reader feel like they’re...well, wherever the writer wants them to be! Basically, the writer is trying to create a â€Å"mental image† for the reader through the words they choose. Here’s how one of the greatest horror writers of all time, Stephen King, describes imagery: Imagery does not occur on the writer’s page; it occurs in the reader’s mind. To describe everything is to supply a photograph in words; to indicate the points which seem the most vivid and important to you, the writer, is to allow the reader to flesh out your sketch into a portrait. In other words: you can think of imagery as painting with words in order to fuel the reader’s imagination! An easy way to spot imagery in a text is to pay attention to words, phrases, and sentences that connect with your five senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, and sound). That’s because writers know that in order to capture a reader’s attention, they need to engage with them mentally, physically, and emotionally. Since imagery is designed to connect a reader to a text, it’s one of the most powerful tools a writer has to communicate their themes and messages. The 2 Types of Imagery Any time a writer engages a reader’s senses, they’re using imagery...which means imagery is a really broad literary device. In general, however, imagery fits into two big categories: literal and figurative. Literal Imagery: Examples and Explanation With literal imagery, a writer is literally describing things to the reader. (Pretty straightforward, huh?) Writers often use literal imagery to describe the setting, characters, and situation for a reader. Literal imagery helps the reader picture where characters are, understand what characters are doing, and even foreshadow what might happen next. (For example, if the character is in a dark, dirty alley, they’re probably in a more dangerous situation than if the character is skipping through a field of daisies.) Let’s take a look at an example of literal imagery from Michael Crichton's Jurassic Park so you can see what we mean. In this scene, Dr. Alan Grant, Lex Murphy, and Tim Murphy are trying to hide from a tyrannosaurus rex: They were closer to the waterfall now, the roar much louder. The rocks became slippery, the path muddy. There was a constant hanging mist. It was like moving through a cloud. The path seemed to lead right into the rushing water, but as they came closer, they saw that it actually went behind the waterfall. The tyrannosaur was still looking downstream, its back turned to them. They hurried along the path to the waterfall, and had almost moved behind the sheet of falling water when Grant saw the tyrannosaur turn. Then they were completely behind the waterfall, and Grant was unable to see out through the silver sheet. Now that you’ve read this passage, close your eyes and picture the scene. You’re probably picturing a giant waterfall, a hungry tyrannosaurus rex, and a lot of danger, right? That’s because the literal imagery in this passage paints a very specific, literal picture that helps you imagine what’s happening in this moment! Magic, right? Not quite. Imagery works because the writer uses descriptive words and phrases to help paint a picture. Let’s take a look at the first few lines again and pick out some of the descriptive language that helps shape the scene: They were closer to the waterfall now, the roar much louder. The rocks became slippery, the path muddy. There was a constant hanging mist. It was like moving through a cloud. These lines are almost exclusively description, and Crichton uses phrases like â€Å"rocks became slippery† and â€Å"constant hanging mist† to help you imagine exactly what’s happening. A good way to pick out literal imagery is to look for nouns, then see how they’re described. For example, the noun â€Å"waterfall† is described as having a â€Å"roar† that gets â€Å"louder† the closer the characters get! From an analysis perspective, these literal images all work together to help build the mood, or tone, of the scene. In this case, the imagery of the scene contributes to its tense and suspenseful tone. The environment is treacherousnot only are the rocks slick, but the characters have trouble seeing through the mist and water. One false move, and they’ll be a tasty snack for a hungry dinosaur! Use this picture as inspiration for finding connotation! (This will all make sense in a second.) Figurative Imagery: Examples and Explanation Unlike literal imagery, figurative imagery uses on the non-literalor metaphoricalmeaning of words to paint a picture for the reader. Almost all words have two meanings: their denotation and connotation. The denotation of a word is its literal, dictionary definition. Figurative imagery, on the other hand, relies on the connotation- or implied meaning- of words and phrases to help shape a text’s themes and ideas. To see how figurative imagery works, let’s look at the first line of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 130,† where the speaker is describing his lady love: My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Okay. Let’s zero in on the word â€Å"sun† here. According to Merriam-Webster, the literal definition of the word â€Å"sun† is â€Å"the luminous celestial body around which the earth and other planets revolve, from which they receive heat and light, which is composed mainly of hydrogen and helium.† But the speaker doesn’t literally mean that his mistress’ eyes aren’t like a ball of gas! So what does he mean? To figure this out, let’s look at the figurative imagery here. Take a minute and think of some of the implied or metaphorical meanings of the word â€Å"sun.† The word might make you think of warmth and happiness. It also might make you think of other images like burning, blazing, or fiery brightness. With this figurative imagery in mind, this line is better read as â€Å"my mistress’s eyes aren’t bright, warm, or happy.† Not only does figurative imagery help this line make more sense, it also clues readers into the message of the poem: that you can recognize someone’s faults and still love them and find them beautiful. One more quick note: because you’re a savvy reader, you’ve probably realized that this line from Shakespeare is also a metaphor, which is a comparison between two seemingly unrelated objects (in this case, â€Å"eyes† and â€Å"sun†). Writers often use other literary devices like metaphor, simile, and personification to help create vivid imagery for the reader. So don’t be surprised if you see imagery overlapping with other literary techniques! Can an Example of Imagery be Both Literal and Figurative at the Same Time? Absolutely! In fact, it’s quite common to see writers use literal and figurative imagery simultaneously. Take the first stanza of William Wordsworth’s poem, â€Å"Daffodils†: I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. This stanza combines literal and figurative imagery. Literally, the images in this stanza help us see the speaker wandering around alone until he stumbles upon a patch of daffodils that are growing by a lake. This imagery is important to understanding Wordsworth’s poetry, which often explores the relationship between nature and man. The figurative imagery helps us learn a little more about the speaker, who’s an outsider. We can infer this because of the imagery he gives us; he imagines himself as a cloud floating over everything, able to see what’s going on but unable to participate. The daffodils, on the other hand, represent society. The imagery here is happy (the daffodils are â€Å"golden† and â€Å"dancing†), which is how the speaker views society as someone on the outside looking in. Imagery in Poetry: â€Å"Hope is the thing with feathers† by Emily Dickinson Now that you know more about imagery, let’s look at a poem that uses imagery to portray its major themes: â€Å"‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers - That perches in the soul -And sings the tune without the words -And never stops - at all - And sweetest - in the Gale - is heard -And sore must be the storm -That could abash the little BirdThat kept so many warm - I’ve heard it in the chillest land -And on the strangest Sea -Yet - never - in Extremity,It asked a crumb - of me. Imagery can make something abstract, like an emotion or theory, seem more concrete and tangible to the reader. By using imagery, writers can evoke the feeling they want to talk about in their readers...and by making their readers feel, writers can also help readers connect to the messages in their work. In this example, Emily Dickinson takes the abstract idea of â€Å"hope† and compares it to a bird. Dickinson paints images of hope doing all the same things a bird does: it â€Å"perches,† â€Å"sings,† and keeps â€Å"so many warm† with its feathers. And despite all these gifts, hope never â€Å"asked a crumb† of anything in return. By using imagery to take an abstract idea (hope) and make it concrete (a bird), Dickinson helps readers understand the nature of hope. For Dickinson, hope is something that costs little to have and yet offers us comfort in all of life’s toughest situations. Imagery in Fiction: Dracula by Bram Stoker Imagery can be an equally powerful tool for fiction writers, too. In Dracula, Bram Stoker uses imagery to drive home the horror of the novel. Let’s take a look at one particularly stand-out scene, where Arthur Holmwood has to kill his former fiancee, Lucy Westenra, who has been turned into a vampire: The Thing in the coffin writhed; and a hideous, blood-curdling screech came from the opened red lips. The body shook and quivered and twisted in wild contortions; the sharp white teeth champed together till the lips were cut, and the mouth was smeared with a crimson foam. But Arthur never faltered. He looked like a figure of Thor as his untrembling arm rose and fell, driving deeper and deeper the mercy-bearing stake, whilst the blood from the pierced heart welled and spurted up around it. His face was set, and high duty seemed to shine through it; the sight of it gave us courage, so that our voices seemed to ring through the little vault. Remember how we talked about how imagery can set a tone or mood? That’s certainly the case here. Lucy is visually described not as a woman but as a â€Å"thing,† and the â€Å"blood-curdling screech† she lets out is a great example of how auditory imageryor the sound of a scenecan contribute to its overall effect. (In this case, it amps up the horror of a once-delicate Englishwoman being transformed into a bloodthirsty beast.) It's the imagery associated with Lucy that shows readers how vicious and animalistic she’s become, which is no surprise: she’s joined Dracula’s army of the undead. Now, take a look at the imagery surrounding Arthur, Lucy’s former fiancee, and see how it compares to Lucy’s description. Even as he’s killing Lucy, Arthur is described as â€Å"a figure of Thor†meaning he’s strong, heroic, and good with a hammer. Stoker specifically says Arthur is â€Å"untrembling† in his task; despite its grisly nature, his steadiness showcases his commitment to protecting his country from the vampire threat...even when it means driving a stake in his lover’s heart. Additionally, his face has the â€Å"shine† of duty, which is a nod to the glowing, angelic halos of angels. Arthur’s bravery and light stands in contrast to Lucy’s dark, demonic nature, and Stoker specifically uses imagery to show readers how good can triumph over evil. 3 Questions to Ask When Analyzing Imagery These examples have shown you how to find and analyze imagery, but you’ll have to do this all by yourself when you take the AP Literature exam. But don’t worrynow that you’re an expert, finding and analyzing imagery will be a breeze! But just in case you get stuck, here are three questions you can ask yourself to help you better analyze imagery in literature and poetry. Question 1: What Did I Imagine While I Was Reading? The hardest part about analyzing imagery is finding it in the first place. Like we mentioned earlier, a good way to do this is to look for nouns and search for words that describe them. Then you can start asking yourself if those descriptions are figurative imagery (i.e., do those words have any implied or metaphorical meaning). But when you’re crunched for time, you can go back to the tried-and-true method of using your imagination. Which parts of the text made you picture something in your mind? Since imagery is designed to spark your imagination, there’s a great chance that section contains some sort of imagery! Question 2: What Does the Imagery Reveal About the Situation? This question helps you get to the meat-and-potatoes of your analysis really quickly. Once you find a piece of imagery, ask yourself what it’s showing you. It could be describing an important setting, plot point, or character. Make sure you’re asking yourself if there’s figurative imagery at work, too. If you’re struggling here, you can always go back to the â€Å"mental picture† we talked about with the first question. What do you see in that image? There’s a good chance that whatever you’re imagining matters in some way. Once you have that image in your mind, you can start to ask yourself why that particular image is important. Here’s what we mean: think about the Jurassic Park example we talked about earlier. The imagery there tells us some literal things about what’s happening in the scene, but it also adds to the danger and suspense of the main characters’ predicament. The same can be said for the excerpt from â€Å"Daffodils,† only instead of revealing a plot point, the imagery gives readers important insight into the narrator of the poem. Question 3: How Does the Imagery Affect the Mood of the Text? Once you find a good piece of imagery, ask yourself how it makes you feel. Is it hopeful? Scary? Depressed? Angry? The feelings associated with the imagery in a work can often reveal the theme of a text. Take Emily Dickinson’s poem. What feelings are associated with the imagery surrounding â€Å"hope†? Well, birds are tame and delicate, and the bird Dickinson describes sings sweetly through life’s fierce storms. Hope is clearly a reassuring, gentle, uplifting thing. By asking yourself why Dickinson thinks hope is good, you can start to figure out some of the messages of the poem! What's Next? Test out your new-found imagery chops by analyzing a poem on your own! We think that Dylan Thomas’ â€Å"Do not go gentle into that good night† is a great place to start. You can find the full text of the poem, as well as additional analysis, here. There’s more to literary analysis than just knowing your way around imagery! Make sure you’re familiar with the most important literary devices, like personification, before you head into your AP test. There are two parts to the AP Literature test: the multiple choice section and the essay section. Some students worry about the written portion of the test so much that they forget to study for the multiple choice questions! Don’t let this be your situation. Make sure you’re preparing for the whole test by reading through this guide to mastering the AP Literature exam’s multiple choice portion, too.

Internet Technology and Social Media Solutions for Business Essay

Internet Technology and Social Media Solutions for Business - Essay Example Internet and Social Media have brought a revolution to the business world in the ‎recent past and proved to be an efficient online mode to imply various marketing strategies for ‎enhancing new business developments. Nearly all forms of businesses attained sustainability, ‎visibility and brand attention to nominal face with such online marketing tool over the years. This ‎platform gives up-to-date knowledge of any services or products, enhances online traffic and ‎create sound awareness (Norman 25).‎ There is a number of effective social media networks like YouTube, Facebook, LinkedIn, ‎various blogs and Twitter available to facilitate the online business activities for building state of the art ‎solid customer base. This could be carried out by effectively marketing and advertising the ‎products through the adoption of interactive plans and strategies, for instance conducting online ‎polls, webinars, contests and e-books etc. The most important factor for online business through ‎social media is the engagement of accurate target audience so that the customers remain loyal to ‎respective brands or services for longer period of time.‎ Social Media’s Benefits to Business There are countless benefits of conducting business through an effective use of ‎technological internet tools. ... It also brings ?new job openings worldwide which tends to decrease the unemployment rate. The marketing ?tool also brings new investment to the business which is the best way to grow. It totally depends upon the way social media is used for business. It can be used for obtaining several objectives. Most ?common foreseeable objectives include fresh business contact, search new potential clients, ?obtaining prompt feedback, suggestion and positive criticism from the customers, conduct online ?marketing research and so on and so forth (Norman 54).? Internet and Social Media’s Applications in Business: ? †¢ It could be essentially import for gaining sizable profits in business through effective online ?marketing and publicity.? †¢ The medium of marketing could marginalize all hurdles in the business and put on the path of ?success.? †¢ It could identify target respondents of the products and services to build loyal and long term ?relationship with the clients.? â₠¬ ¢ A type of bonding is formed between buyers and sellers through social media.? †¢ It also tends to make new contact with different communities around the world of identical ?interests.? †¢ Experiences are shared with eventually lead towards building high credibility.? †¢ Through all time interaction, a consultation and advice can be given without any hidden cost.? †¢ Social Media creates a pool of like-minded people and builds strong ties for business prospective. ? †¢ It also helps to evaluate the weaknesses along with the competitor’s strategies (Stephen, 2011).? Evaluation of Business through Different Social Media and Internet Tools This paragraph clearly indicates the results which recently obtained by the companies using

Issue in my community (I live in Mecklenburg County which is in Case Study

Issue in my community (I live in Mecklenburg County which is in Charlotte, NC) - Case Study Example Unemployment occurs when people who are willing and able to work cannot find jobs appropriate to their level of expertise. This issue is highly prevalent in this community. In January 2012, the unemployment rate was 9.8%, which was less than the previous month but is still greater than the state-wide average which was 9.5%. As a result of this issue of unemployment, the citizens of Mecklenburg are forced to seek help even for basic survival. They need help even for basic necessities like food, housing, clothing etc. The unemployment rate rose from 9% in April to 9.6%in May2012 (Charlotte Business Journal, Web). This increase can has serious implications for the community as a whole. People who are unemployed look for other ways to earn income due to which the crime rate might also increase. It is really important to find the causes of this increase in unemployment in order to solve the issue completely. One of the major reasons of high unemployment is the lack of educational opportun ities for the citizens of Mecklenburg County. The leaders of the country should introduce reforms so that equal educational opportunities are given to all the citizens. Quality education is extremely important for the future of a country as the children who are educated today will be the leaders of the country tomorrow. ... Due to unemployment and illiteracy, people get involved in illegal activities and as a result, the crime rate of the country also rises. As a result of these criminal records, people find it even harder to get jobs as employers do background checks to ensure the credibility of the employee or applicant. This further increases the unemployment and affects the entire country as a whole. The people of Mecklenburg County also suffer because of lower employment opportunities available in their market. The government needs to attract foreign businesses to set up in this country which will create more employment opportunities and will benefit the citizens. This will also increase the career choices available for the youth of this country. As a result of these greater employment opportunities, the unemployed citizens will be able to will be able to support their families and the overall unemployment rates of the country would also fall. Unemployment has other disadvantages as well which affe ct the citizens as well as the entire nation as a whole. One of these is the unemployment benefits that these people would receive from the government. As a result of this, the working population would have to pay more for the rising cost of these benefits and more burdens would be placed on them. Another disadvantage is that the government might reduce its public spending such as on schools, healthcare etc. In the long run, this would result in fewer jobs and a higher unemployment rate. In economic terms, unemployed labor of Mecklenburg County is a waste of its resources as total output falls and the tax revenue also falls. The tax revenue paid for

Caste and Sri Lankan marriage

Caste and Sri Lankan marriage In the modern day Sri Lankan society, the concept of caste with its pre-historic background plays different roles is human life, and its role becomes dominant at the juncture of the typical Sri Lankan marriage. The research will open up doors to show the typical Sri Lankan community being traditional and outdated, the concept of caste is still one of the major determinisms of leading a happy and successful marriage life. The society we live today is complex and all of us have to live with different ideas and attitudes. These diverse ideas and attitudes come into light in different occasions and stages in our lives. The concept of Caste is a phenomenon unique to the countries in the Indian Sub Continent and it is fossilized in the society. Gender, age, caste, ethnicity and class play major roles in the establishment of the Sri Lankan society. While gender, age, caste and ethnicity are decided by ones birth, class is decided by ones ability. In the present Sri Lanka society, caste does not play a significant role. Caste, which is decided by birth comes into action in different occasions and stages in ones life in different ways and caste becomes a dominant figure in the Sri Lanka context when it comes to marriages. According to Robert Knox,  [1]  Sri Lankans are very selective and careful about marriages. It is a tradition not to get married to a person from a lower caste. Sinhalese would never sacrifice their dignity for an unsuitable marriage even it brings out wealth. A person from Colombo might hear that caste is not as important as it was in the past and that it is subjected to deterioration. Nevertheless, the following extract suggests that it is not so.  [2]  Sinhalese are highly concerned about the concept of caste and boundaries around it and that at least in the dry zone the concept of caste and boundaries around it are significant The above description indicates though caste is not highlighted in the surface level, it becomes a very important concept for the Sinhalese in practical situations. According to E.R. Leach,  [3]  The deterioration of the caste system leads to the deterioration of an establishment. Marriages between different ethnicities can still be seen in the society . E.R. Leach helps one to identify the modern nature of the caste system. The notice on marriage proposals on week-end Sri Lankan newspapers highlight caste consciousness still plays a major role in the contemporary Sri Lankan society. Careful studies show the concept of caste which hails from the colonial period has undergone slight changes after the independence in 1948. As job opportunities are allocated based on academic qualifications, the caste system faces its deterioration. After the changes brought up to the constitution in 1997 and the society being exposed to the open economy made the modern society look into matters based on money. It is evident that the nature of caste has changed, but it does not indicate that the identity one gains through caste has totally been rejected. It clearly depicts the caste consciousness of the traditional Sri Lankans comes to the surface in marriages. CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY AIM The aim of the research is to study the role played by the Sri Lankan caste system in determining a marriage and the importance of a caste to lead a happy and successful marriage life. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Although caste seems on old fashioned and unscientific basis for determining whether two people are compatible for marriage, historic evidence shows that it is a predictor of maintaining success. THE RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Caste system is a reliable determinism of successful marriages. SCOPE OF THE STUDY The sample is a randomly selected set of twenty married soldiers from the Sri Lanka Army representing different areas around the island and different castes. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION 10. The collection of data and information for this research will be highly based on the following. Interviews done with the twenty soldiers. Questionnaires given to the twenty soldiers. Books related to the research topic. The Internet. 11. The books related to the research topic and the information gathered through the Internet opened avenues to identify the caste system in Sri Lanka and it led to write a review of literature on the nature of the Sinhala marriage in chapter three. While the fourth chapter describes the impact of caste in determining the marriage of the selected sample, the fourth chapter deals with impact of social, economic and family conditions on deciding a caste. The conclusion is done at the fifth chapter. CHAPTER 3 BACKGROUND CASTE SYSTEM AND THE NATURE OF THE SINHALA MARRIAGE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF CASTE 12. The caste system is perhaps the worlds longest surviving social hierarchy .A person is considered a member of the caste to which he or she is born and remains within that caste until death, although the particular ranking of that caste may vary among regions and over time. 13. The caste system in Sri Lanka is a division of society into strata. Ancient Sri Lankan texts such as the Pujawaliya, Sadharmarathnavaliya and Yogarathakaraya and inscriptional evidence show that the hierarchy prevailed throughout the feudal period. Caste as we know it today appears to have been introduced to Sri Lankans by Prakrit language speakers from North India. The introduction of Buddhism in the third century BC blunted the edge of the system to a certain extend. However, there is a reference to king Abhayas son, Saliya choosing to lose caste by marrying Ashokamala, a Candala or outcaste woman, in the second century BC, indicating that caste taboos remained in place. 14. Studies based on caste have allowed the society to come up with different definitions on caste, and these definitions have allowed people to identify the impact of caste on marriage. The concept of caste, the nature of its expansion and the definitions put forward under different areas pave a pathway to understand this concept. 15. According to Peiris Reif,  [4]  The cruel nature of our ancestors led to the origin of a caste system. Thirst for power and land made them fight with each other. As a result, a need arose to appoint a leader who is physically and intellectually balanced to resolve the conflicts. 16. The sources indicate that Aryans from India during their visit in the fifth century have brought down their caste system to Sri Lanka. The legend shows that the ancient Sri Lankan society had different castes such as Raja, Bamunu, Welanda and Govi and the base for these was provided by the different castes like Brahmans, Shathriya, Vaishya and Sudra in ancient India. THE CONCEPT OF CASTE AND DEFINITIONS OF CASTE. 17. Caste is a phenomenon in the society and culture. According to Edmancy Leach, A caste cannot stand on its own. It has a close bond with its members through a network. 18. Mr: Amarasekara Daya in his book titled, The Sri Lankan Society elaborates L.L.Kroebers (an anthropologist) ideas. Caste is a unit. It consists of indigenous sub units. Such a unit enjoys the privileges of the society. Based on that, we can differentiate one sub unit form another sub unit. 19. Mr: Amarasekara further elaborates on caste by bringing forward measuring instruments introduced by Hutton, an anthropologist. They are,  [5]   Caste is an indigenous concept. There are specific boundaries between different castes. A caste is a collection of situations which depicts bureaucracy. It is accepted that through food, physical relationships, customs and by touching a member of a privileged caste by a member of a discriminated caste will corrupt the privileged caste. Caste is related to traditional occupations. Caste is decided by birth. Caste in totality, is a system based on prestige. 20. W.M. Waister, an anthropologist bringing out his views on caste says that keeping laundry, making gold and silver jewellery were the duties of the discriminated castes and these services were rendered only to a privileged segment of the society. 21. Though a man from a privileged caste can keep a woman from a discriminated caste as his mistress, he is not allowed to take meals with her. As Mr: Bryce Rayan elaborated people were allowed to share the same well for drinking water and eat together with farmers from different castes in the paddy field, but at a wedding, people from Govi caste were never allowed to sit with people from other castes at the table. This clearly indicates the effect of caste on marriage. MARRIAGE 22. The concept of marriage differs from country to country, society to society and culture to culture. Marriage simply means the joining of the two sexes who maintain a socially approved or accepted sexual relationship for reproduction. Since marriage is given so many definitions it is believed that studying all these definitions will help one to understand the concept of marriage. 23. According to Mr: Tuder Silva  [6]  Marriage is the union of two or more people of both sexes for a socially accepted sexual relationship for the purpose of reproduction. Marriages are of two types, monogamy and polygamy. The above definition gives an idea of a marriage. According to a statement by the British Anthropology Society, Marriage is a unit which authorizes the children the rights of their biological parents. 24. According to Mr Kumara Hemantha  [7]  Marriage is a special bond between two elders of both sexes based on norms, ethics, rules and regulations. Both the elders maintain a sexual relationship for reproduction. Further, marriage is a unit made up of a husband, wife and their children. 25. The society and time are the deciding factors of rules and regulations of a marriage. 26. The ancient traditions of marriage and the caste have a dinosaur effect on the relationship between the Sinhala marriage and the caste. The Sinhala society by Mr: Ralph Peiris is a suitable example for it. Through his book he talks about the different types of marriages, different methods of getting married, reasons for a marriage and the openness of marriages in ancient Sri Lanka.  [8]  Marriage to a person out of the caste was strictly prohibited. The ancestors did not want their sons and daughters to marry a person with a lower status though that person is from the same caste. 27. The above description shows that the ancient society considered caste an important factor in the marriages, and it also indicates that the Sinhala marriage is a lose bond. 28. According to Robert Knox, in 1600s caste had a prominent place in the Sinhala marriage. Further, he elaborates that caste was given priority than wealth in ancient Sinhala marriage. 29.  [9]  Caste discrimination is there because of the system of family. The need for a family arose to provide security and satisfy different needs of people. Therefore people began to think about their castes in marriages. TYPES OF CASTES IN SRI LANKA 30. According to Bryce Rayan in his book, Caste Discrimination in Sri Lanka, Relationships between different castes began due to the nature of occupations and breaking up of the society into small units. Jana Wanshaya which is the oldest text on caste discrimination shows that there are twenty six different castes in Sri Lanka.  [10]  They are, a. Govigama b. Salagama c. Kamburu d. Waduwo e. Hannala f. Rada g. Ambettayo h. Sommarayo i. Durawo j. Kumbhakarnayo k. Karawo l. Weddo m. Berawayo n. Hakuro p. Hunno q. Pannayo r. Samanno s. Welwaduwo t. Gahalayo u. Paduwo v. Malakarayo w. Kinnarayo x. Rodee y. Olee z. Indrapalanagayo aa. Chandalayo 31. According to Mr. Kalinga T. Silvas research on castes,  [11]  there are fifteen castes in Sri Lanka. Though there is a compromise about the top and the lower levels of the caste system in Sri Lanka, there are several arguments about the middle level. According to Mr. Silva, Sri Lanka is divided into two parts as up country and low country. While people from Patti and Gahala castes live in the up country, people from Karawa, Salagama, Durawa and Hunnu live in the low country. Order ( This is not yet been finalized ) Name of the Caste Traditional Occupation Percentage of Sinhala population Level 01 Govigama Radala Land Owners 0.001 01 Govi Farmers 49 Patti Herdsmen 0.001 02 Karava Fishermen 5 02 03 Salagama Cinnamon Peelers 04 Durava Toddy Tappers 3 05 Hunu Quicklime Industry 0.002 06 Achari / Galladu / Navanandana Traditional Artisans 0.0005 3 07 Hena / Rada Traditional Washmen 3 08 Wahumpura / Hakuru Traditional Makers of Jaggery 12.5 09 Kumbal / Badahela Traditional Makers of Pots 2.5 10 Dura/ Wellandura/ Bodhi pannadura Safeguard Srimaha Bodhi 0.001 11 Nakathi / Berawva Traditional Dancers and Astrologers 3 12 Bathgama / Padu Servants and Porters 18 13 Gahala Traditional Drum Beaters 0.001 4 14 Kinthara Weaving Mats 0.3 15 Rodi/ Hulawali Traditional Beggars / Traditional Makers of Ekel Brooms 0.001 Other* 1.493 * Castes which belong to the other category are Porava, Kara, Olee, Palee, Barber and Ganthara and the number is very low. 33. Mr. Kalinga Silva in his analysis says,  [12]  Though caste is subjected to deterioration, that in the Asian community it becomes dominant at three occasions. Marriage is one of them. A survey conducted with estate workers who have an Indian origin indicates that caste is a major determinism for 90% of their marriages. Climbing up the economic and social hierarchy is the second occasion the caste becomes important. The concept of caste is highlighted at this occasion. 34. Usage of the concept of caste as a weapon in the political battle field is the third occasion where this concept becomes prominent. The following extract taken from Jamnis Tiggins studies about Sri Lanka shows the way, the concept of caste dominated the Sri Lankan political arena. W!;a l=mdÆh uq;a l=mdÆh .fà   l=mdÆhg ckaoh fouq' 35 This was taken from a leaflet distributed during an election campaign and Gama here means a caste. CHAPTER 4 DATA REGIONAL REPRESENTATION AND CONCEPT OF CASTE 36. The following table shows the randomly selected set of twenty soldiers from the Sri Lanka Army representing different regions around the island and different castes to conduct a research on the role played by the Sri Lankan caste system in determining a marriage and the importance of a caste to lead a happy and successful marriage life. Husbands caste Wifes caste Number of families Govigama Govigama 09 Karawa Karawa 02 Bathgama Bathgama 01 Hakuru Hakuru 01 Govigama Hena 01 Govigama Salagama 01 Govigama Padu 01 Padu Govigama 01 Karava Salagama 02 Achari Govigama 01 Total 20 37. The sample represents 45% of Govigama, 10% of Karava, 5% of Bathgama, 5% of Hakuru and 35% of mixed castes. Chart 4.1 Cast of sample 38. The regional representation of the sample is as follows. Srl no Husbands caste Wifes caste Region 01 Govigama Govigama Mahiyanganaya 02 Govigama Govigama Bibile 03 Govigama Govigama Badulla 04 Govigama Govigama Padaviya 05 Govigama Govigama Welioya 06 Govigama Govigama Hakmana 07 Govigama Govigama Kanthale 08 Govigama Govigama Horana 09 Govigama Govigama Puswellawa 10 Karawa Karawa 11 Karawa Karawa 12 Bathgama Bathgama Puttalam 13 Hakuru Hakuru Kegalle 14 Govigama Salagama Kamburupitiya 15 Govigama Hena Veyangoda 16 Govigama Padu Kurunagala 17 Padu Govigama Matale 18 Achari Govigama Ambanpola 19 Karava Salagama Elpitiya 20 Karava Salagama .Galle SRI LANKAN MARRIAGE AND THE IMPACT OF RACE AND RELIGION ON IT 39. Eighteen soldiers of the sample emphasize the importance the importance of equality between races 90%in marriage. The nature of family and demands of the society have made them think that way. As the majority of the sample represents the rural areas of the island, they think that if they do mix marriages they would be neglected by their parents and relatives, and thereby end up in unsuccessful and unhappy marriages. Chart 4.2 Marriage and races 40. Eighteen (90%) soldiers representing the sample think equality between religions is very important to have successful marriages. According to them, the Sri Lankan village is based on temple, and when the husband and wife are from two different religions it is impractical to go to two different religious places simultaneously. Further, they believe that it is hard to practise diverse observances under one roof. Chart 4.3 Marriage and religions SRI LANKAN MARRIAGE AND CASTE 41. Sinhalese believe that race and religion are important factors in marriage. Typical Sinhalese confide in equality between castes in their marriages. While thirteen (65%) soldiers of the sample believe their partners should be from the same caste, seven (35%) soldiers do not believe so. Chart 4.4 Marriage and caste 42. Arranged marriage is still commonly practised in Sri Lanka, but an increasing number of young people today refuse arranged marriage. In arranged marriage caste becomes an important consideration. In love marriages the couple thinks only about matching their races, religions, ideas, views and interests. For them, caste is a minor matter and the survey shows that most of the couples have received the blessings of their parents. 43. The marriage proposals on weekend newspapers highlight the fact that caste is a major determinism in arranged marriages. The following table is taken from a survey conducted by Mr. Daya Amarasekara on marriage proposals in newspapers. Caste Male Female Total Percentage Govi 31 48 79 675 ] Karawa 06 07 13 110 ] Durawa 03 02 05 43 ] Salagama 02 02 04 35 ] Deva 02 02 17 ] Rajaka 02 02 04 34 ] Wellala 01 02 03 25 ] Hetti 01 01 09 ] Other 01 03 04 34 ] Total 46 69 115 1000 ] 44. According to the table, the majority is Govigama and the minority is Hetti. Mr. Amarasekara tells that this table depicts the spread of castes all around the island. 45. When asked from Sri Lankan women about their views on marriage and caste it is evident that women from higher castes do not want to get married to men from lower castes. These women do not want their children to be treated differently by the society because of their fathers surnames. OTHER FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCE MARRIAGE 46. Another factor which influences modern marriage is the economy of each individual. The research shows that people are interested in getting married to people from the same economic level or above. People expect to lead simple and comfortable marriage lives by getting married to a person from the same economic level or above. 47. Most of the women in the modern society prefer to get married to men who are more educated than them. CHAPTER 5 DATA ANALYSIS MATCHING CASTE AND ITS INFLUENCE TO A SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE LIFE 48. While thirteen soldiers out of the sample have married women from the same caste seven soldiers have married from different castes. The following table depicts the present status of the marriage lives of the thirteen soldiers whose spouses are from the same caste. Srl no Husbands caste Wifes caste Region Present status of marriage life 01 Govigama Govigama Mahiyanganaya Unsuccessful 02 Govigama Govigama Bibile Successful 03 Govigama Govigama Badulla Divorced 04 Govigama Govigama Padaviya Planning to get divorced 05 Govigama Govigama Welioya Unsuccessful 06 Govigama Govigama Hakmana 07 Govigama Govigama Kanthale 08 Govigama Govigama Horana 09 Govigama Govigama Puswellawa 10 Karawa Karawa 11 Karawa Karawa 12 Bathgama Bathgama Puttalam Unsuccessful 13 Hakuru Hakuru 49. According to the table, the marriage lives of the two families representing Govi caste (Row 1 and 5) and the family representing Bathgama (Row 12 ) are unsuccessful. 50. The following reasons have made their marriage lives unsuccessful. a. According to the soldiers from rows 1 and 5, their marriages are a failure because of their wives illegal affairs. Since these soldiers come home once in every two or three months, there is enough freedom and opportunities for their wives to have illegal affairs and this has ended their marriages in divorces. b. According to the soldier from row 12, the reason for his marriage being unsuccessful is the mismatch of ideas between himself and his spouse. He says that his wife never agrees with his suggestions and works according to her own plans and ideas. They have decided to get divorced after being married for eight years because of mismatch of ideas. 51. The above study shows that though the castes match, these people have decided to get divorced because of external forces. This is a very common phenomenon in the present day Sri Lankan society. 52. The following table shows the present status of the marriage lives of seven soldiers of the sample who have married out of their castes. Srl no Husbands caste Wifes caste Region Present status of marriage life 01 Govigama Salagama Kamburupitiya Unsuccessful 02 Govigama Hena Veyangoda Unsuccessful 03 Govigama Padu Kurunagala Unsuccessful 04 Padu Govigama Matale Unsuccessful 05 Achari Govigama Ambanpola Successful 06 Karava Salagama Elpitiya Successful 07 Karava Salagama .Galle Successful 53. Though the families from rows 1,2,3 and 4 have done their best to lead a happy and successful marriage lives, the insults by the parents and relatives of the party which represents Govi caste have made their marriages scatter. In family gatherings, the partners who represent the lower caste have been subjected to inferiority. Two females who represent Govi caste in rows 4 and 5 have been outcasted by their families because of their marriages to males from lower castes. 54. Parents and relatives of the soldiers in rows 1 and 2 totally ignore the presence of their daughters in law at family gatherings and even invitations to special occasions are sent only to the male partner. This indicates how embarrassed the wife becomes in front of her husbands parents and relatives. 55. The couples from rows 5, 6 and 7 lead happy and successful marriage lives though they are from two different castes. Parents and relatives of both the parties have mutual understanding and they respect each others ideas, views, attitudes and interests. 56. The research unveils that people from Govi caste are interested in dominating the society, and the interest on the concept of caste by the other castes are very low when compared with Govi caste. 57. However, the caste consciousness of the Sinhalese in arranged marriage is at a higher level. CHAPTER 6 SUMMARY 58. The objective of this sociological research is to study the role played by the Sri Lankan caste system in determining a marriage and the importance of a caste to lead a happy and successful marriage life. The ancient traditional Sinhala marriage and its relationship with caste and the role played by caste in present Sinhala marriage were studied in depth to come to a conclusion. 59. The sample of randomly selected twenty soldiers from the Sri Lankan Army representing different regions and castes help to discuss in detail a sensitive topic which people very rarely speak in public. Interviews with the sample assisted to reveal the following facts. a. Race and religion have played a dominant role in deciding the marriages of the sample. Sinhala and Buddhist back grounds of the sample have motivated the sample to avoid marriages with different ethnicities. 60. Caste plays a major role in Sinhala marriage. People from Govi caste want to maintain their authority while other castes make less efforts to maintain authority. It is evident that Govi caste is considered as the top caste but no conclusion has been made about the positions of the other castes. It is evident that people from higher castes reject people from lower castes and people from lower castes always try to select partners from higher castes in marriages. 61. In the past, most of the marriages were arranged ones , but today many are love marriages. In the modern society, people are interested in finding their own partners according to their level of education, interests, economic status, regional differences and attitudes. Though it seems that caste is not considered as a major determinism in marriage, it becomes prominent when one look at the reactions of parents and relatives of a higher caste partner who has selected a lower caste person. Though the system of caste is subjected to decay it has a dinosaur effect in marriages, and leading a happy and successful marriage life. 62. The research also reveals that when compared with men, women are more interested in marrying a person from the same caste or a higher caste. As the surname of the father automatically goes to the children, women make sure that they do not marry men make from lower castes. The women also do not like to live with the parents and the relatives of their husbands because they are scared of the insults of the husbands parents and relatives. 63. The above facts depict that caste plays a major role in the Sri Lankan marriage, and the attitudes of parents and relatives of the two partners are important in deciding a marriage. CHAPTER 7 RECCOMANDATION 63. The study shows that in marriages, the concept of caste is dominant. As the citizens of a democratic society, people have been given the rights through the constitution to live freely within the accepted rules and regulations of the government. Caste is not a barrier to a person to get proper education and move up the social hierarchy. Further, a person has the legal authority to change ones surname which is a determinism of his or her caste. 64. Though caste is considered in marriage, it is not a barrier to have love affairs and sexual relationships. A person from a lower caste who is at the top level in the